Climate change is a phenomenon that is largely caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The impacts are increasingly being felt throughout the world, from increasing global temperatures, changing weather patterns, to increasing the frequency of natural disasters. This impact not only threatens biodiversity but also food security, public health and economic stability. Global warming, or global warming, is one of the most visible aspects of climate change. According to the IPCC report, global average temperatures have increased by almost 1.2 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial era. Declining Arctic ice and rising sea levels threaten natural habitats and coastal life. For example, many small islands are at risk of sinking due to rising sea levels. Changing rainfall patterns also pose a significant challenge. Some areas are experiencing extreme drought, while others are facing flooding. This has a direct impact on the agricultural sector, which is the main source of life for many communities. Uncertainty in water availability and crop yields has resulted in food crises in several countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Ecosystems are also victims of climate change. Biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and temperature changes. Many animal and plant species were unable to adapt quickly to these changes, leading to population declines and extinction. For example, coral reefs, which are very sensitive to changes in water temperature, experience mass bleaching. From an economic perspective, the impact of climate change is very large. More frequent natural disasters can destroy infrastructure, causing billions of dollars in losses. The health sector is also affected; Increased temperature can worsen health conditions such as asthma and cardiovascular disease. In addition, infectious diseases, such as malaria and dengue, can spread due to changes in vector habitat. The global response to climate change is reflected in international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. The ultimate goal is to limit warming to below 2 degrees Celsius. However, the implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures still faces various challenges, including political differences between countries and unclear financial resources. Civil society also has an important role in overcoming this problem. The pro-environment movement is growing, voicing the need for greater and more urgent action. Awareness of the importance of sustainability in consumption and production is becoming increasingly essential. Education and technological innovation are also key in dealing with climate change. Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, offer alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil energy. In addition, sustainable agricultural practices can increase food security and minimize negative impacts on the environment. The challenge of climate change is not only an environmental problem, but also a complex social and economic challenge. Collaboration between countries, the private sector and society is key to achieving effective and sustainable solutions. Through a holistic approach, we can minimize the impacts of climate change and create a better future for future generations.
